The body of a modern person is constantly exposed to the negative effects of the environment. These are bad ecology, constant stress, alcohol and smoking. The liver plays a huge role in ensuring human life. It is a natural filter. If problems begin with this organ, then the person begins to hurt.
The best prevention against liver disease is proper nutrition. It is not only about giving up alcohol, but also about unhealthy and fatty foods, regular meals.
The role of the liver in the body
The liver is located in the area of the right hypochondrium and, ideally, should not protrude beyond it. This organ takes an active part in blood filtration, the digestive process, removes harmful substances, and also participates in the metabolic process.
It is the liver that is the main “producer” of bile, which in turn stimulates the passage of food through the colon. This fluid is stored in the gallbladder and is needed so that the body can digest fats, absorb vitamins and assimilate calcium. It is bile that prevents constipation, due to increased peristalsis.
Also, the main function of the liver is a barrier. It is she who prevents the penetration of toxins into the body and removes them. Also, the body allows you to remove excess vitamins, acetone, ketonic acids, and other products of metabolic processes.
The third main function is metabolic. After the nutrients have been digested, they go to the liver and are processed there. This organ stores a large amount of blood in case of severe blood loss. It produces a substance that regulates blood glucose levels.
Why do you need a diet for liver disease
As a rule, the body malfunctions if a person eats plentifully, there is a lot of fat, sugar and alcohol in the diet. For this reason, it is recommended that you go on a cleansing diet from time to time. At this time, it is necessary to give up spicy and fatty foods. Do not drink alcoholic beverages or soda. Limit the use of preserves and sauces, even coffee.
It is recommended to include dairy products and meat throughout the diet to replenish the B12 deficiency. For this, citrus fruits, parsnips, carrots and beets are suitable. By the way, the last root vegetable is very beneficial for liver health, so it should be consumed on a regular basis.
Nutritional goals
When compiling a diet, the doctor takes into account many factors. From the general state of health to the physiological capabilities and age of the patient. The diet allows you to compensate for the lack of nutrients, which is associated with a diseased organ.
In this case, several main goals can be distinguished in the presence of liver pathology:
- removal of the acute course of the disease;
- elimination of symptoms;
- saturation of the body with useful substances;
- establishing the process of producing bile.
But the most important task of dietary nutrition is to bring the liver to a normal state, getting rid of provoking factors associated with nutrition.
Diet basics
In order for the liver to recover faster, you need to follow some rules:
- reduce portions, but increase the number of meals;
- proteins must be present in the menu;
- do not eat on the go and do not go to fast food;
- almost completely remove light carbohydrates from the diet;
- eat more cereals, that is, complex carbohydrates;
- do not overeat, especially at night;
- reduce the amount of fatty foods;
- never skip breakfast;
- do not fry food;
- consume enough water.
Lay on beets and apples. These products are ideal for restoring organ function. Avoid alcohol and cigarettes.
Allowed Products
The use of soups is allowed: vegetable and meat, with pasta and milk. Beetroot and vegetarian first courses will do. It is permissible to use bakery products made of 1 or 2 grade flour, rye, wheat. You can eat meat, but dietary, for example, turkey and chicken. It is permissible to use other animal products, but not fried, baked or minced meat is better.
Without any problems, you can consume milk, kefir, yogurt, sour cream, but better with a low fat content. Almost any cereals are suitable, buckwheat and oatmeal, rice. You can eat boiled pasta, but it is better to give preference to whole grain flour.
There are very few restrictions on vegetables. They are eaten raw, stewed and boiled, steamed. Vegetable oil can be added to them. You can drink all kinds of fresh juices, juices and fruit drinks. It is recommended to replace sugar with sorbitol, at least partially. You can drink coffee with milk, tea.
Fully or partially limited products
If you have liver problems, you will have to stop using:
- fresh baked goods;
- meat and fish delicacies;
- fatty foods, including fatty fish;
- pickles;
- sausage products;
- any fat;
- legume dishes;
- smoked food;
- hot spices;
- ice cream and chocolate;
- black coffee;
- garlic, green onions, and other vegetables high in oxalic acid.
Egg omelet is allowed, but in small quantities. We’ll have to limit the amount of cream, fermented baked milk, fatty lactic acid foods in the diet.
Diet
In case of liver diseases, it is necessary to eat 4-5 times throughout the day. Food should not be hot or cold, only warm. The portions should be small.
Diet menu for liver disease
According to the prescriptions of the doctor Pevzner, in the presence of liver pathologies, it is necessary to adhere to table No. 5. That is, the body should receive the following per day:
- proteins 50%;
- fat 30%;
- carbohydrates 20%.
That in grams is: 80 g of protein food, 80-90 g of fat and about 400 g per meal, which should be 5. Accordingly, the daily calorie content is from 2400 to 2800 kcal.
An example menu can be composed as follows:
- Breakfast. Oatmeal and fruits. Coffee with milk.
- Lunch. Grated carrots, Juice.
- Dinner. Vegetarian borsch, bread. Vegetable stew and steamed cutlets. Compote.
- Afternoon snack. Galette cookies and kefir.
- Dinner. Buckwheat porridge, cheese. Tea with mint.
There are a lot of options for combining products, since the diet of table number 5 is not considered very strict.
Diet after liver surgery
After surgery, the patient is on parenteral administration of food for about 3-5 days. Then, for about 7-10 days, the patient is fed through a tube. After this time, enteral food products are gradually introduced. It is unacceptable to abruptly transfer to a normal type of diet, since there is a huge risk of disruption of all metabolic processes.
Initially, the patient eats according to table no. 0a. As soon as it becomes clear that the body normally perceives food, a person is transferred to diet number 1a, then to number 1. Approximately a month later, the transition to diet number 5 is allowed. otherwise it will not be possible to avoid a hospital bed.
Prevention of liver diseases
Start by adjusting your diet. Every day, the body must receive foods of all groups, that is, carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Fiber, cereals, cereals must be present. Determine for yourself the allowable rate of protein foods. An increased amount of protein negatively affects the functioning of this organ. For 1 kg of weight, there should be 0.8 g.
Watch your own weight. If you need to lose weight, check your diet with your doctor. In no case should you starve.
Minimize alcoholic beverages. For a man, 60 ml of vodka and about 200 ml of wine are permissible per day. For women, the dose is half. The more days you don’t drink, the more new cells are formed in the body.
No uncontrolled drug consumption. You cannot be treated with expired medicines, especially antibacterial agents.
And, of course, protect your body from any exposure to toxic substances. Reduce the amount of household chemicals and aerosols, if possible, even they adversely affect the liver. Get vaccinated to avoid getting hepatitis, exercise, watch what you eat and drink, and stay healthy at all times.